Implement Stack via Linked List in C++

Introduction:

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Working Principle:

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Example:

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Code:

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// C++ program to Implement a stack
//using singly linked list
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
 
// Declare linked list node
 
struct Node
{
    int data;
    Node* link;
};
 
Node* top;
 
// Utility function to add an element
// data in the stack insert at the beginning
void push(int data)
{
     
    // Create new node temp and allocate memory in heap
    Node* temp = new Node();
 
    // Check if stack (heap) is full.
    // Then inserting an element would
    // lead to stack overflow
    if (!temp) // temp == 0
    {
        cout << "\nStack Overflow";
        exit(1);
    }
 
    // Initialize data into temp data field
    temp->data = data;
 
    // Put top pointer reference into temp link
    temp->link = top;
 
    // Make temp as top of Stack
    top = temp;
}
 
// Utility function to check if
// the stack is empty or not
int isEmpty()
{
    //If top is NULL it means that
    //there are no elements are in stack
    return top == NULL;
}
 
// Utility function to return top element in a stack
int peek()
{
     
    // If stack is not empty , return the top element
    if (!isEmpty())  /// top != NULL means if top is not null or empty
        return top->data;
    else
        exit(1);
}
 
// Utility function to pop top
// element from the stack
void pop()
{
    Node* temp;
 
    // Check for stack underflow
    if (top == NULL)
    {
        cout << "\nStack Underflow" << endl;
        exit(1);
    }
    else
    {
         
        // Assign top to temp
        temp = top;
 
        // Assign second node to top
        top = top->link;
 
        //This will automatically destroy
        //the link between first node and second node
 
        // Release memory of top node
        //i.e delete the node
        free(temp);
    }
}
 
// Function to print all the
// elements of the stack
void display()
{
    Node* temp;
 
    // Check for stack underflow
    if (top == NULL)
    {
        cout << "\nStack Underflow";
        exit(1);
    }
    else
    {
        temp = top;
        while (temp != NULL)
        {
 
            // Print node data
            cout << temp->data << "-> ";
 
            // Assign temp link to temp
            temp = temp->link;
        }
    }
}
 
// Driver Code
int main()
{
     
    // Push the elements of stack
    push(11);
    push(22);
    push(33);
    push(44);
 
    // Display stack elements
    display();
 
    // Print top element of stack
    cout << "\nTop element is "
        << peek() << endl;
 
    // Delete top elements of stack
    pop();
    pop();
 
    // Display stack elements
    display();
 
    // Print top element of stack
    cout << "\nTop element is "
        << peek() << endl;
         
    return 0;
}

Output:

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